Guide D aims to provide guidance to practitioners involved in transportation systems in buildings; it will also be of interest to architects and developers, and to facilities and building managers who may not be directly concerned with the design and installation of lifts and escalators but need to understand the advice offered to them by specialists. Not least, the Guide should also be of value to students embarking on a career in mechanical, electrical or building services engineering and those already practising in these disciplines who wish to enhance their knowledge through a programme of continuing professional development.
Guide D was first published in 1993 under the encouragement of Peter Day of Land Securities. It then stood beside the three CIBSE Guides – A, B and C – which CIBSE published at that time. The success of Guide D has spawned a whole raft of CIBSE Guides on various topics. Updating of Guide D has continued on a five-year cycle, with revised editions published in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and now 2020, with Dr Gina Barney as Technical Editor.
This edition of CIBSE Guide D has once again been brought up do date to keep it fresh and especially useful. This has been achieved by the expert efforts of the many authors, contributors and reviewers, as well as CIBSE staff. Through the years many individuals have given their time and knowledge freely and we owe all of them our heartfelt thanks.
Guide D provides a one stop shop for general information related to vertical transportation for the practitioner. It should be especially of use to persons setting out on a career in the industry. Educators will find It forms excellent support to deliver training courses.
Some things change slowly, such as components, whilst others, such as drive systems, continue to evolve. Since 1993 the Guide has grown in size to accommodate the increase of knowledge. Because it is written by experts it has become highly regarded and authoritative the world over.
However, all users must keep in mind that Guide D is just that, a guide. It provides guidance and recommendations. It is not a standard. Every effort has been made to ensure, as far as possible, that this Guide maintains this distinction when referring to standards. Where standards are mentioned, generally in an extracted form, and guidance is offered, it is always wise for the user of this Guide to read that standard for themselves, in order to check it addresses their requirements.
If you purchased a hard copy of Guide D prior to January 2021, please download the latest corrigendum here. This details corrections made to several equations in Chapter 13. There is no need to download the corrigendum if you have purchased the PDF - simply download the up-to-date PDF.
Table of Contents
1.1 Purpose of Guide D
1.2 Recent developments
1.3 Contents of Guide D
1.4 Other sources of information
2 Interior circulation
2.1 General considerations
2.2 Symbols and definitions
2.3 Human factors
2.4 Passive circulation elements
2.5 Active circulation elements
2.6 Circulation in other types of buildings
2.7 Location and arrangement of transportation facilities
2.8 Facilities for persons with disabilities
Appendix 2.1: Principles of interior circulation
3 Lift traffic design using calculation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 List of symbols
3.3 Definitions
3.4 The design process
3.5 The calculation method
3.6 Data gathering
3.7 Car selection
3.8 Example calculation
3.9 Further design considerations
3.1 Extensions to the basic design procedure
3.11 Selection of equipment with respect to lift function
3.12 Selection of equipment with respect to building function
3.13 Selection of equipment with respect to building form
3.14 Review of traffic conditions other than uppeak
3.15 Advanced techniques
3.16 Finally
4 Lift traffic design using simulation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Quality of service
4.3 When to use simulation
4.4 Describing traffic
4.5 Car loading
4.6 Simulations to ISO/FDIS 8100-32
4.7 Simulation with CIBSE templates
4.8 Office design
4.9 Hotel design
4.1 Residential design
4.11 Other considerations
4.12 Example simulations
4.13 Simulation applied to modernization
4.14 Comparing simulation with round trip time calculations
4.15 Traffic analysis and simulation software
4.16 Epilogue
5 Types of transportation systems
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Passenger lifts
5.3 Goods passenger lifts
5.4 Goods only lifts
5.5 Observation lifts
5.6 Service lifts
5.7 Motor vehicle lifts
5.8 Rack and pinion lifts
5.9 Rigid chain technology (RCT) lifts
5.1 Lifts for other purposes
5.11 Future concepts
Appendix 5.1: Lift space requirements; car, well, headroom, pit and machine room sizes
Appendix 5.2: Lift space requirements; structural considerations
6 Firefighters lifts and evacuation lifts
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Need for firefighters lifts
6.3 Design considerations for firefighters lifts
6.4 Testing, maintenance and modernisation of firefighters lifts
6.5 Evacuation lifts
6.6 Design considerations of evacuation lifts
6.7 Use of non-evacuation lifts for the evacuation of disabled people
6.8 Using lifts for general evacuation
7 Lift components and installation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Electric traction drives
7.3 Hydraulic drives
7.4 Controller cabinet
7.5 Guide rails
7.6 Counterweight
7.7 Lift car
7.8 Door operators
7.9 Door configurations
7.1 Overspeed governors
7.11 Safety gear
7.12 Buffers
7.13 Uncontrolled movement devices
7.14 Suspension systems
7.15 Roping systems
7.16 Passenger controls and signals
7.18 Remote alarms
7.19 Induction (hearing) loops
7.2 Guarding
8 Lift drives and controls
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Lift controllers
8.3 Controller technology
8.4 Control of lift drives
8.5 DC motor control techniques
8.6 AC motor control techniques
8.7 Harmonic-related issues
8.8 Energy saving considerations
8.9 Passenger evacuation following mains power failure
8.1 Unintended car movement (UCM)
8.11 Control of hydraulic drives
8.12 Control of door operators
8.13 Electromagnetic compatibility (emc), environment and reliability
8.14 The future of controller systems
9 Lift traffic control
9.1 The need for lift traffic control
9.2 Single lift traffic control
9.3 Purpose of group traffic control
9.4 Legacy traffic control systems
9.5 Traffic control algorithms with conventional signalling
9.6 Traffic control algorithms with call allocation registration stations
9.7 Other features of group traffic control systems
9.8 Uppeak boosters
Appendix 9.1: Principles of the call allocation traffic algorithm
Appendix 9.2: Case studies
10 Escalators and moving walks
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Definitions, commonly available equipment and duty
10.3 Principal components
10.4 Installation planning
10.5 Drive systems, energy usage and safety devices
10.6 Modernising escalators and moving walks
10.7 Commissioning, testing and maintenance
10.8 Operating escalators and moving walks
10.9 Actions after an incident involving an escalator
10.1 Escalator or moving walks and LOLER
11 Transportation facilities for persons with disabilities
11.1 Access for everyone
11.2 Legislative framework
11.3 Equipment selection to meet user needs
11.4 Passenger lifts
11.5 Lifting platforms
11.6 Stairlifts
11.7 Escalators and moving walks
11.8 Egress for persons with disabilities
11.9 Product selection table
Appendix 11.1: Summary of the principal requirements of BS EN 81-70 11-19
12 Electrical systems and building interface
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Electrical power supplies for lifts
12.3 Lift power factor correction
12.4 Protection of supplies
12.5 Standby power
12.6 Secondary power supplies for firefighters‘ and evacuation lifts
12.7 Isolating switches, lighting and socket outlets
12.8 Electromagnetic compatibility and harmonic distortion
12.9 Cabling and wiring
12.1 Lift well and machinery spaces
12.11 Lift car environment
12.12 Human comfort considerations
12.13 Lightning protection
Appendix 12.A1: Schedules for electrical systems requirements
13 Lift, escalator and moving walk energy consumption
13.1 Energy consumption and energy efficiency
13.2 Symbols
13.4 The energy consumption of lifts
13.5 Energy consumption of escalators and moving walks
13.6 Classification system according to the International Standards Organisation
13.7 Other considerations
Appendix 13.1: Example format for calculation spreadsheet
Appendix 13.2: Example calculations
14 Lift, escalator and moving walk data acquisition and management
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Lift traffic and escalator surveys
14.3 Lift data logging, monitoring, data management, data presentation and data security
14.4 Escalator and moving walk data logging, monitoring, data management, data presentation and data security
14.5 Cyber security
14.6 Building automation systems (bas) and building management systems (BMS)
14.7 Future possibilities
Appendix 14.1: Terminology
Appendix 14.2: Review of open protocols for lift management
15 Commissioning, testing, maintenance and thorough examination
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Lifts
15.3 Escalators/moving walks
15.4 Vertical lifting platforms
15.5 Stair lifts and inclined lifting platforms
15.6 The future
Appendix 15.1: Guidance to testing escalator/moving walks to BS EN 115:2017
16 Upgrading of safety, performance and equipment of existing lifts
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Life cycle considerations
16.3 Influencing factors to upgrading
16.4 Relevant legislation, standards and codes of practice
16.5 Undertaking modifications to an existing lift
16.6 Undertaking modifications to an existing lift installed after 1 July 1999
16.7 Important considerations when undertaking modifications to existing lifts
16.8 Step-by-step approach to improving the safety of existing lifts
16.9 Improvement in accessibility
16.1 Improvement in protection from vandalism
16.11 Improvement in use for evacuation and firefighting
16.12 Improvement in performance
16.13 Improvement by (minor) replacement of major components
16.14 Summary of modifications undertaken to existing lifts
16.15 Tests and records
17 European Directives,UK Acts and UK Regulations
17.1 Important note
17.2 European Directives
17.3 UK Acts of Parliament
17.4 UK Regulations
18 British, European and International Standardization for tansportation systems in buildings
18.1 British Standards
18.2 European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
18.3 ISO Standards etc.
18.4 Development of an ISO prescriptive standard for lift safety
Appendix 18.1: Commenting procedure on British (UK) Standards
Annex 1: Legislation, standards etc. related to lifts, escalators and moving walks
Annex 2: Lift kinematics
Annex 3: Glossary of terms
Principal authors: Dr Gina Barney (Gina Barney Associates), Dr Jonathan Beebe (Consultant), Paul Burchett (Schindler Ltd.), John Carroll (Norman Disney & Young), David A Cooper (LECS (UK) Ltd.), Ian Jones (Otis Ltd.), John McSweeney (independent consultant), Nick Mellor (Lift and Escalator Industry Association (LEIA)), Stephen Normington (KONE plc), Dr Richard Peters (Peters Research Limited), Adam Scott (Sweco), Vincent Sharpe (Allianz ECP), Derek Smith (retired, previously OTIS UK), Michael Turner (Lester Control Systems Ltd.)
Contributing authors: Dr Lutfi Al-Sharif (University of Jordan), Wolf Ehry (LIFTpro), Iain Forbester (Serapid Ltd.), Jonathon Hoskin (Ampetronic), Rob Keane (Hydratec), Ben Langham (LUL), Gordon Lucas (ILECS), Brian Preston (Magnetek UK Ltd.), Dr Rory Smith (Consultant), Don Vollrath (Magnetek Inc.), Russell Walker (Atwell International Ltd.)